ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Edentulous patients’ awareness about implant treatment: A cross-sectional investigation in Kerman, Iran, 2018
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the source of information and concerns about implant treatment as an option for replacement of missing teeth.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 dental patients referred to dental school and clinics of Kerman, Iran, in 2018, from October to February. A standardized self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was used in the study. The obtained data from the questionnaires were scored and analyzed with SPSS software.RESULTS: 54.89% of the patients claimed that the dentists were the main source of information and the high cost was the most common concern of participants in implant treatment (53.8%).In case of esthetic zone, the patients should be informed about crown esthetics. The patients’ information on the impact of tobacco and systemic factors on the lifetime and potential of implant treatment was close to reality.CONCLUSION: The results of the current survey showed that the majority of the patients were aware about dental implants and their main source of information was their dentists.
https://johoe.kmu.ac.ir/article_91495_f8223922de34b4441d61b7e16046b3db.pdf
2021-04-01
58
63
10.22122/johoe.v10i2.1154
dental implants
patients
Attitude
Sina
Safari
safari.sn@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Parviz
Amini
dr_pamini@yahoo.com
2
Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Farzin
Sharif
a.m.abolghasemi@ut.ac.ir
3
Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Molook
Torabi-Parizi
m.torabi.pg@mail.com
4
Associate Professor, Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center AND Kerman Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center AND Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeideh
Sadeghi
s.sadeghi13631382@yahoo.com
5
Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elisa M, Odang RW, Masulili C, Saraventi S. Relationship between prosthodontic treatment awareness with number and position of tooth loss. UI Proc Heal Med 2017; 1: 11-4.
1
Kaur P, Singh S, Mathur A, Makkar DK, Aggarwal VP, Batra M, et al. Impact of dental disorders and its influence on self esteem levels among adolescents. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11(4): ZC05-ZC08.
2
Angel P, Bersezio C, Estay J, Werner A, Retamal H, Araya C, et al. Color stability, psychosocial impact, and effect on self-perception of esthetics of tooth whitening using low-concentration (6%) hydrogen peroxide. Quintessence Int 2018; 49(7): 557-66.
3
Nair KC. Prosthodontic Treatment preferences in post independent India: An over view. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2013; 13(2): 68-70.
4
Mijiritsky E, Lerman Y, Mijiritsky O, Shely A, Meyerson J, Shacham M. Development and validation of a questionnaire evaluating the impact of prosthetic dental treatments on patients' oral health quality of life: A prospective pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(14): 5037.
5
Amiri EM, Atri F, Khalilpour M, Alhavaz SB. Comparing the effect of different inter-implant distances on the retention of locator and ball attachments. J Int Adv Bio &Res 2017; 8: 46-58.
6
Kohli S, Bhatia S, Kaur A, Rathakrishnan T. Trends in patients' mindset on dental implants: A survey in Malaysia. J Dent Implant 2014; 4(1): 33.
7
Al-Dwairi ZN, El Masoud BM, Al-Afifi SA, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Lynch E. Awareness, attitude, and expectations toward dental implants among removable prostheses wearers. J Prosthodont 2014; 23(3): 192-7.
8
Arora R, Daphne T, Poovani S, Shetty G. Patient awareness and acceptance of dental implants as a treatment modality for the replacement of missing teeth. Int J Sci Res 2018; 7(5): 74-8.
9
10. Lin Y, Hong YA, Henson BS, Stevenson RD, Hong S, Lyu T, et al. Assessing patient experience and healthcare quality of dental care using patient online reviews in the United States: Mixed methods study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22(7): e18652.
10
11. Al-Nahedh HN, El-Hejazi AA, Habib SR. Knowledge and attitude of dentists and patients toward use and health safety of dental amalgam in Saudi Arabia. Eur J Dent 2020; 14(2): 233-8.
11
12. Suwal P, Basnet BB, Shrestha B, Parajuli PK, Singh RK. Knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding dental implants among patients visiting a university hospital and its teaching districts. J Dent Implant 2016; 6(2): 57-61.
12
13. Song Y, Luzzi L, Brennan DS. Trust in dentist-patient relationships: Mapping the relevant concepts. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128(2): 110-9.
13
14. Assiry AA, Alshubrmi HR, ALShammary DH, AlFahhad HM, ALShammary AF, Alshammari TN. Knowledge and awareness about dental implant as an option for replacement of teeth: A survey among Saudi adults. J Ann Clin Anal Med 2019; 10(6): 652-7.
14
15. Faramarzi M, Shirmohammadi A, Chisazi MT, Kashefimehr A, Farhoodi E, Omrani A. Patient's knowledge regarding dental implants in Tabriz, Iran. Avicenna J Dent Res 2012; 4(1): 40-5.
15
16. Ozcakir Tomruk C., Ozkurt-Kayahan Z, Sencift K. Patients' knowledge and awareness of dental implants in a Turkish subpopulation. J Adv Prosthodont 2014; 6(2): 133-7.
16
17. Rustemeyer J, Bremerich A. Patients' knowledge and expectations regarding dental implants: Assessment by questionnaire. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 36(9): 814-7.
17
18. Prabhu AG, Mundathaje M. Knowledge, attitude, and awareness of patients regarding dental implants: A cross-sectional study. Journal of International Oral Health 2018; 10(6): 278.
18
19. Kashbour WA, Rousseau NS, Thomason JM, Ellis JS. Provision of information on dental implant treatment: Patients' thoughts and experiences. Clin Oral Implants Res 2018; 29(3): 309-19.
19
20. Gharpure AS, Bhange PD, Gharpure AS. Awareness of dental implant treatment in an Indian metropolitan population. Journal of Dental Implants 2016; 6(2): 62.
20
21. Alajlan A, Alhoumaidan A, Ettesh A, Doumani M. Assessing knowledge and attitude of dental patients regarding the use of dental implants: A survey-based research. Int J Dent 2019; 2019: 5792072.
21
22. Siddique EA, Bhat PR, Kulkarni SS, Trasad VA, Thakur SL. Public awareness, knowledge, attitude and acceptance of dental implants as a treatment modality among patients visiting SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2019; 23(1): 58-63.
22
23. Kinani Hussain M, Hakami Zahra H, Al-Amri Ibrahim A, Maree Salman A, Nahari Hussain H, Ghaythi IH, et al. Awareness and knowledge of the general public at southern region of Saudi Arabia regarding dental implants. J Int Med Dent 2018; 5(2): 63-71.
23
24. Almehmadi AH. Awareness of population regarding the effects of diabetes on dental implant treatment in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Heliyon 2019; 5(9): e02407.
24
25. Gayathri MM. Knowledge and awareness among patients about dental implants. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 2016; 8(5): 351.
25
26. Kohli S, Bhatia S, Kaur A, Rathakrishnan T. Patients awareness and attitude towards dental implants. Indian J Dent 2015; 6(4): 167-71.
26
27. Padhye NM, Bhange PD, Mehta LK, Khimani SM. Patient awareness and perceived cost of dental implants for replacement of missing teeth: A survey in an Indian metropolitan population. J Dent Implant 2019; 9(1): 30-6.
27
28. Tepper G, Haas R, Mailath G, Teller C, Zechner W, Watzak G, et al. Representative marketing-oriented study on implants in the Austrian population. I. Level of information, sources of information and need for patient information. Clin Oral Implants Res 2003; 14(5): 621-33.
28
29. Saha A, Dutta S, Vijaya V, Rajnikant N. Awareness among patients regarding Implants as a treatment option for replacement of missing teeth in Chattisgarh. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(5): 48-52.
29
30. Grey EB, Harcourt D, O'Sullivan D, Buchanan H, Kilpatrick NM. A qualitative study of patients' motivations and expectations for dental implants. Br Dent J 2013; 214(1): E1.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Economic evaluation of fluoride varnish application in Iranian schools
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Dental caries is still one of the most common chronic diseases among children, although it can be prevented through early and regular professional services. This study aimed to analyze cost-effectiveness of fluoride varnish therapy intervention to develop and implement appropriate strategies in order to reduce incidence of tooth decay.METHODS: This study modelled the cost-effectiveness of fluoride varnish therapy plan to prevent dental caries in elementary students with age range between 7-12 years, in Urmia, northwestern Iran. All costs and benefits were measured from a provider perspective in order to obtain the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). We estimated the direct medical costs of fluoride varnish in a school-based setting and compared this to the benefits of reducing the incidence of dental caries, as measured by the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) index. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist was used to report this economic evaluation.RESULTS: Based on the DALY index, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was obtained $200.02 per DALY averted. According to the threshold defined by World Health Organization (WHO), fluoride varnish therapy intervention in this study is cost-effective. The results of this research were not sensitive to the desired parameters based on the results of one-way sensitivity analysis.CONCLUSION: This study recommends fluoride varnish therapy intervention because of reducing caries, improving quality of life (QOL), and financial saving for families in the long term. The results of this study can also help health policy makers and managers to make decisions about allocating resources to prevent dental diseases.
https://johoe.kmu.ac.ir/article_91494_da6b1b818668a73a8bc2e80cb89f2b04.pdf
2021-04-01
64
71
10.22122/johoe.v10i2.1146
Dental Caries
Fluoride Varnish
costs
Students
Incidence
Jalal
Davoodi-Lahijan
hsmanagertbzmed@gmail.com
1
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid Reza
Farrokh-Eslamlou
hamidfarrokh@gmail.com
2
Professor, Reproductive Health Research Center AND Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Kamran
Shariat-Torbaghan
hasan_deniz2006@yahoo.com
3
Dentist, Deputy of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Soraya
Nouraei-Motlagh
mania0508@yahoo.com
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Cyrus
Alinia
siros_alinia@yahoo.com
5
Assistant Professor, Department of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Hasan
Yusefzadeh
yusefzadeh.h@umsu.ac.ir
6
Associate Professor, Department of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Petersen PE. The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century-the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003; 31(Suppl 1): 3-23.
1
Dye BA. The global burden of oral disease: Research and public health significance. J Dent Res 2017; 96(4): 361-3.
2
Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abd-Allah F, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390(10100): 1211-59.
3
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Health at a Glance 2013 [Online]. [cited 2013]; Available from: URL: https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Health-at-a-Glance-2013.pdf
4
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Health at a Glance [Online]. [cited 2018]; Available from: URL: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/health-at-a-glance-2017_health_glance-2017-en
5
Righolt AJ, Jevdjevic M, Marcenes W, Listl S. Global-, regional-, and country-level economic impacts of dental diseases in 2015. J Dent Res 2018; 97(5): 501-7.
6
Eaton K. The state oforal health in Europe [Online]. [cited 2017]; Available from: URL: http://www.oralhealthplatform.eu/our-work/the-state-of-oral-health-in-europe
7
Kassebaum NJ, Smith AGC, Bernabe E, Fleming TD, Reynolds AE, Vos T, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years for oral conditions for 195 countries, 1990-2015: A systematic analysis for the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. J Dent Res 2017; 96(4): 380-7.
8
Gill M. Book review: The challenge of oral disease: A call for global action. Br Dent J 2016; 221(11): 687.
9
10. Dehghani M, Omrani R, Zamanian Z, Hashemi H. Determination of DMFT index among 7-11 year-old students and its relation with? Uoride in Shiraz drinking water in Iran. Pak J Med Sci 2013; 29(1 Suppl): 373-7.
10
11. Hamissi J. Prevalence of dental caries among preschool children in Qazvin, Iran: School screening programs. J Int Oral Health 2015.
11
12. Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012; 380(9859): 2163-96.
12
13. Lalloo R, Kroon J, Tut O, Kularatna S, Jamieson LM, Wallace V, et al. Effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of a single annual professional intervention for the prevention of childhood dental caries in a remote rural Indigenous community. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15: 99.
13
14. Kohn WG, Maas WR, Malvitz DM, Presson SM, Shaddix KK. Recommendations for using fluoride to prevent and control dental caries in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep 2001; 50(RR-14): 1-42.
14
15. Holm AK. Effect of fluoride varnish (Duraphat) in preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1979; 7(5): 241-5.
15
16. Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Logan S, Sheiham A. Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels or varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; (4): CD002782.
16
17. Brown M. Transitions of care. In: Helton MR, Daaleman TP, Editors. Chronic illness care. Berlin, Germany: Springer International Publishing; 2018. p. 369-73.
17
18. Ogunseitan OA. Certification in public health (CPH) Q&A exam review. Berlin, Germany: Springer Publishing Company; 2020.
18
19. Neidell M, Shearer B, Lamster IB. Cost-effectiveness analysis of dental sealants versus fluoride varnish in a school-based setting. Caries Res 2016; 50(Suppl 1): 78-82.
19
20. Fyfe C, Borman B, Scott G, Birks S. A cost effectiveness analysis of community water fluoridation in New Zealand. N Z Med J 2015; 128(1427): 38-46.
20
21. Schwendicke F, Splieth CH, Thomson WM, Reda S, Stolpe M, Foster PL. Cost-effectiveness of caries-preventive fluoride varnish applications in clinic settings among patients of low, moderate and high risk. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018; 46(1): 8-16.
21
22. Chestnutt IG, Hutchings S, Playle R, Morgan-Trimmer S, Fitzsimmons D, Aawar N, et al. Seal or Varnish? A randomised controlled trial to determine the relative cost and effectiveness of pit and fissure sealant and fluoride varnish in preventing dental decay. Health Technol Assess 2017; 21(21): 1-256.
22
23. World Health Organization. Health statistics and information systems [Online]. [cited 2021]; Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/healthinfo/bodgbd2002revised/en
23
24. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Global health data exchange [Online]. [cited 2021]; Available from: URL: http://ghdx.healthdata.org
24
25. Drummond M, Torrance GW. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2015.
25
26. Marseille E, Larson B, Kazi DS, Kahn JG, Rosen S. Thresholds for the cost-effectiveness of interventions: alternative approaches. Bull World Health Organ 2015; 93(2): 118-24.
26
27. International Monetary Fund. GDP per capita, current prices [Online]. [cited 2021]; Available from: URL: https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPDPC@WEO/OEMDC/ADVEC/WEOWORLD%22
27
28. O'Neill C, Worthington HV, Donaldson M, Birch S, Noble S, Killough S, et al. Cost-effectiveness of caries prevention in practice: A randomized controlled trial. J Dent Res 2017; 96(8): 875-80.
28
29. Skold UM, Petersson LG, Birkhed D, Norlund A. Cost-analysis of school-based fluoride varnish and fluoride rinsing programs. Acta Odontol Scand 2008; 66(5): 286-92.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dentist to population ratio and geographic distribution of dentists in Iran in 2019
BACKGROUND AND AIM: In the current healthcare system of Iran, there is a great emphasis on improving the quality healthcare services and access of all people to these services, especially in the field of oral health. Achieving this goal requires the provision of services by dentists. In order to adopt the best policies in this regard, having up-to-date knowledge on the number and distribution of the workforce is crucial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present a report on the status of dental resources in Iran in 2019 based on the number of dentists.METHODS: In the present descriptive study, data was collected from several sources. The statistics of specialist dentists graduated in the country were collected through correspondence with all dentistry faculties of the country. In addition to presenting the statistics of available dentists and dentists employed in the country, the "dentist to population ratio" index was also used to examine the distribution of dentists across the country.RESULTS: The number of general and specialist dentists across Iran in 2019 is calculated to be 30811 and 4593, respectively. Notably, the largest number of specialists was in the specialized field of endodontics (13.8%), and the lowest number belonged to oral and maxillofacial pathology (4.2%). In Iran, there are 43 dentists per 100000 people. The number of general and specialist dentists with office license and employed in the private sectors is 18287 and 2773, respectively. Moreover, overall, 36 state universities in 10 specialized fields offer courses with 1824 specialists as faculty members.CONCLUSION: Although the number of general and specialist dentists in the country has increased considerably in recent years, the distribution of these individuals across different regions of Iran has been overlooked, and the dentist to 100000 population ratio differs in various provinces of the country.
https://johoe.kmu.ac.ir/article_91637_b1445e336eed22274ab37d09ad2b2a26.pdf
2021-04-01
72
80
10.22122/johoe.v10i2.1159
dentists
Supply and Distribution
Iran
Mahmoud
Afsahi
mahmood_afsahi@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Akbar
Haghdoost
ahaghdoost@gmail.com
2
Modeling in Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Behzad
Houshmand
houshmandperio@gmail.com
3
Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmoudreza
Dehghani
m.dehghani436@gmail.com
4
Medical Education Research Center, Education Development Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Sara
Amanpour
saraamanpour@gmail.com
5
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gallagher JE, Hutchinson L. Analysis of human resources for oral health globally: Inequitable distribution. Int Dent J 2018; 68(3): 183-9.
1
Koletsi-Kounari H, Papaioannou W, Stefaniotis T. Greece's high dentist to population ratio: comparisons, causes, and effects. J Dent Educ 2011; 75(11): 1507-15.
2
Jean G, Kruger E, Tennant M. The distribution of dentists in Australia Socio-economic profile as an indicator of access to services. Community Dent Health 2020; 37(1): 5-11.
3
Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health. Dental specialists in Australia. Aust Dent J 2010; 55(1): 96-100.
4
Kravitz AS, Bulloc A, Cowpe J. EU Manual of Dental Practice 2015 [Online]. [cited 2015 Feb]; Available from: URL: https://www.omd.pt/content/uploads/2017/12/ced-manual-2015-completo.pdf
5
Graham B, Tennant M, Shiikha Y, Kruger E. Distribution of Australian private dental practices: Contributing underlining sociodemographics in the maldistribution of the dental workforce. Aust J Prim Health 2019; 25(1): 54-9.
6
AlBaker AA, Al-Ruthia YSH, AlShehri M, Alshuwairikh S. The characteristics and distribution of dentist workforce in Saudi Arabia: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25(8): 1208-16.
7
Bhayat A, Chikte U. The changing demographic profile of dentists and dental specialists in South Africa: 2002-2015. Int Dent J 2018; 68(2): 91-6.
8
Gonzalez-Robledo LM, Gonzalez-Robledo MC, Nigenda G. Dentist education and labour market in Mexico: Elements for policy definition. Hum Resour Health 2012; 10: 31.
9
10. Tabatabai S, Simforoosh N, Mohsen Ziaee SA. Iran's postgraduate medical education achievements over last 35 years. J Adv Med Med Res 2015; 10(1):1-6.
10
11. Azizi F. Medical education in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Three decades of success. Iran J Public Health 2009; 38(Supple 1): 19-26.
11
12. Simforoosh N, Ziaee SA, Tabatabai SH. Growth trends in medical specialists education in Iran; 1. Arch Iran Med 2014; 17(11): 771-5.
12
13. Lebaron SW, Schultz SH. Family medicine in Iran: The birth of a new specialty. Fam Med 2005; 37(7): 502-5.
13
Northridge ME, Kumar A, Kaur R. Disparities in access to oral health care. Annu Rev Public Health 2020; 41: 513-35.
14
15. Kiadaliri AA, Hosseinpour R, Haghparast-Bidgoli H, Gerdtham UG. Pure and social disparities in distribution of dentists: A cross-sectional province-based study in Iran. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013; 10(5): 1882-94.
15
16. Faraji Khiavi F, Maleki M, Djafarian K, Vatankhah S, Tabibi S. A model for policy making in human resources for health sector Iran. Res J Biol Sci 2010; 5: 380-8.
16
17. Hashemi H, Haghdoost AA, Haji-Aghajani M, Janbabaee G, Maher A, Noori HS, et al. A Successful implementation of an idea to a nationally approved plan: Analyzing Iran's National Health Roadmap using the Kingdon model of policymaking. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2018; 32: 46.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of common procedures for assessing the accuracy of reduction and fixation of unilateral orbital fractures in Iranian patients
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The purpose of this study was the quantitative assessment of accuracy of surgical approaches for reconstruction of unilateral orbital wall fractures by means of measuring orbital volume changes through analysis of pre- and post-operative computed tomography scan (CT scan).METHODS: Twenty-two patients with unilateral orbital wall fractures were included in this study. CT scans were used to obtain computer-based measurement of orbital volume in uninjured and injured orbit before and after surgery. The Shapiro-Wilk test, t-test, and paired t-test were used to analyze the data, such that P < 0.05 was significant.RESULTS: The orbital volume of fractured orbit was significantly increased compared with unfractured orbit before surgery (P = 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the two orbits after orbital reconstruction (P = 0.42), but there was a significant difference between orbital volume of fractured orbit before surgery and after reconstruction (adequate reduction of the fractured orbit, P = 0.0001).CONCLUSION: This study showed that common surgical approaches to reconstruct unilateral orbital fractures were adequate methods to restore the orbital fractured volume.
https://johoe.kmu.ac.ir/article_91348_b036fc5ba33d20a4858cbbd1e890d817.pdf
2021-04-01
81
85
10.22122/johoe.v10i2.1074
Orbit
Computed Tomography Scan
Facial
Trauma
Javad
Faryabi
jfomfs@gmail.com
1
Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry AND Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Moaddeli
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Enhesari
a.enhesari@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor, Clinical Research Unit, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam Alsadat
Hashemipour
editorjohoe@kmu.ac.ir
4
Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Forouzanfar MH, Sepanlou SG, Shahraz S, Dicker D, Naghavi P, Pourmalek F, et al. Evaluating causes of death and morbidity in Iran, global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2010. Arch Iran Med 2014; 17(5): 304-20.
1
Saadat S, Yousefifard M, Asady H, Moghadas JA, Fayaz M, Hosseini M. The most important causes of death in iranian population; a retrospective cohort study. Emerg (Tehran) 2015; 3(1): 16-21.
2
Rezaei EA, Farahvash MR, Fathi M. Epidemiologic evaluation and management of patients with orbital fractures admitted to plastic and reconstructive surgery ward in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 20(4): 201-8.
3
Motamedi MH, Dadgar E, Ebrahimi A, Shirani G, Haghighat A, Jamalpour MR. Pattern of maxillofacial fractures: A 5-year analysis of 8,818 patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 77(4): 630-4.
4
Bell RB, Markiewicz MR. Computer-assisted planning, stereolithographic modeling, and intraoperative navigation for complex orbital reconstruction: A descriptive study in a preliminary cohort. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 67(12): 2559-70.
5
Lim LH, Lam LK, Moore MH, Trott JA, David DJ. Associated injuries in facial fractures: Review of 839 patients. Br J Plast Surg 1993; 46(8): 635-8.
6
Converse JM, Smith B, Obear MF, Wood-Smith D. Orbital blowout fractures: A ten-year survey. Plast Reconstr Surg 1967; 39(1): 20-36.
7
Chang EL, Bernardino CR. Update on orbital trauma. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2004; 15(5): 411-5.
8
Alinasab B, Ryott M, Stjarne P. Still no reliable consensus in management of blow-out fracture. Injury 2014; 45(1): 197-202.
9
10. Charteris DG, Chan CH, Whitehouse RW, Noble JL. Orbital volume measurement in the management of pure blowout fractures of the orbital floor. Br J Ophthalmol 1993; 77(2): 100-2.
10
11. Lukats O, Vizkelety T, Markella Z, Maka E, Kiss M, Dobai A, et al. Measurement of orbital volume after enucleation and orbital implantation. PLoS One 2012; 7(12): e50333.
11
12. Ye J, Kook KH, Lee SY. Evaluation of computer-based volume measurement and porous polyethylene channel implants in reconstruction of large orbital wall fractures. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47(2): 509-13.
12
13. Feng Z, Dong Y, Zhao Y, Bai S, Zhou B, Bi Y, et al. Computer-assisted technique for the design and manufacture of realistic facial prostheses. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 48(2): 105-9.
13
14. Alghazzawi TF. Advancements in CAD/CAM technology: Options for practical implementation. J Prosthodont Res 2016; 60(2): 72-84.
14
15. Gander T, Essig H, Metzler P, Lindhorst D, Dubois L, Rucker M, et al. Patient specific implants (PSI) in reconstruction of orbital floor and wall fractures. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43(1): 126-30.
15
16. Khatib B, Gelesko S, Amundson M, Cheng A, Patel A, Bui T, et al. Updates in management of craniomaxillofacial gunshot wounds and reconstruction of the mandible. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2017; 25(4): 563-76.
16
17. Zhang WB, Mao C, Liu XJ, Guo CB, Yu GY, Peng X. Outcomes of orbital floor reconstruction after extensive maxillectomy using the computer-assisted fabricated individual titanium mesh technique. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 73(10): 2065-15.
17
18. Liu XZ, Shu DL, Ran W, Guo B, Liao X. Digital surgical templates for managing high-energy zygomaticomaxillary complex injuries associated with orbital volume change: A quantitative assessment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71(10): 1712-23.
18
19. Tang W, Guo L, Long J, Wang H, Lin Y, Liu L, et al. Individual design and rapid prototyping in reconstruction of orbital wall defects. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 68(3): 562-70.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Self-reported bruxism and stress and anxiety in adults: A study from Iran
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The habit of grinding teeth together is called grinding and the scientific term is “bruxism”. Bruxism usually occurs in deep sleep or when the person is under stress. This motivates the authors to investigate the relationship between stress and anxiety with the rate of free informed bruxism in the present work.METHODS: This research was a cross-sectional study and the population under analysis was adults over 18 years of age who referred to dental clinics of Kerman, Iran, and also people who accompanied them (simple census). The ethical approval code was IR.KMU.REC.1399.321. The investigations included questioning the patients about the history of bruxism and clenching. The information was analyzed by chi-square test, using SPSS software with 0.05 confidence level.RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported bruxism was 23.2% and 15.1% among women and men, respectively. The percentage of clenching alone was 27.3%, and it was 23.5% and 25.6% in women and men, respectively. The prevalence of bruxism and clenching together was 9.8 %. In patients suffering from bruxism, the prevalence of temporomandibular signs was 24.6%, the feeling of fatigue, stiffness, or pain after awakening was 23.5%, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sound was 6.9%, and limitation in mouth opening was 8.8%. In patients suffering from clenching, TMJ sound was 5.8%, oral pain was 8.8%, and limitation in mouth opening was 10.5%. Between 365 respondents, people who were aware of their bruxism significantly reported more anxiety.CONCLUSION: Based on the present findings, self-reported bruxism, anxiety, and stress may be associated with each other.
https://johoe.kmu.ac.ir/article_91493_024448549e6690dbcf40aba3c755606c.pdf
2021-04-01
86
92
10.22122/johoe.v10i2.1152
Bruxism
Stress
Anxiety
Maryam Alsadat
Hashemipour
editorjohoe@kmu.ac.ir
1
Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Leili
Mohammadi
2
Dentist, Private Practice, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Amir Hossein
Gandjalikhan-Nassab
3
Resident, Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Wassell R, Naru A, Steele J, Nohl F. Applied occlusion. London, UK: Quintessence; 2008. p. 26–30.
1
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Shetty S, Pitti V, Satish Babu CL, Surendra Kumar GP, Deepthi BC. Bruxism: A literature review. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2010; 10(3): 141-8.
3
Lobbezoo F, van der Zaag J, van Selms MK, Hamburger HL, Naeije M. Principles for the management of bruxism. J Oral Rehabil 2008; 35(7): 509-23.
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Lobbezoo F, van der Zaag J, Naeije M. Bruxism: its multiple causes and its effects on dental implants - an updated review. J Oral Rehabil 2006; 33(4): 293-300.
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Persaud R, Garas G, Silva S, Stamatoglou C, Chatrath P, Patel K. An evidence-based review of botulinum toxin (Botox) applications in non-cosmetic head and neck conditions. JRSM Short Rep 2013; 4(2): 10.
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Scully C. Oral and maxillofacial medicine: The basis of diagnosis and treatment. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone; 2008. p. 291-2, 343, 353, 359, 382.
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Lobbezoo F, Naeije M. Bruxism is mainly regulated centrally, not peripherally. J Oral Rehabil 2001; 28(12): 1085-91.
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Manfredini D, Lobbezoo F. Role of psychosocial factors in the etiology of bruxism. J Orofac Pain 2009; 23(2): 153-66.
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10. Pettengill CA. Interaction of dental erosion and bruxism: The amplification of tooth wear. J Calif Dent Assoc 2011; 39(4): 251-6.
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11. Huynh N, Kato T, Rompre PH, Okura K, Saber M, Lanfranchi PA, et al. Sleep bruxism is associated to micro-arousals and an increase in cardiac sympathetic activity. J Sleep Res 2006; 15(3): 339-46.
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12. Ahlberg K, Jahkola A, Savolainen A, Kononen M, Partinen M, Hublin C, et al. Associations of reported bruxism with insomnia and insufficient sleep symptoms among media personnel with or without irregular shift work. Head Face Med 2008; 4: 4.
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13. Ahlberg J, Rantala M, Savolainen A, Suvinen T, Nissinen M, Sarna S, et al. Reported bruxism and stress experience. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2002; 30(6): 405-8.
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14. Ahlberg K, Ahlberg J, Kononen M, Partinen M, Lindholm H, Savolainen A. Reported bruxism and stress experience in media personnel with or without irregular shift work. Acta Odontol Scand 2003; 61(5): 315-8.
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15. Elo AL, Leppanen A, Jahkola A. Validity of a single-item measure of stress symptoms. Scand J Work Environ Health 2003; 29(6): 444-51.
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16. Sjoholm TT, Piha SJ, Lehtinen I. Cardiovascular autonomic control is disturbed in nocturnal teethgrinders. Clin Physiol 1995; 15(4): 349-54.
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17. de la Hoz-Aizpurua JL, Diaz-Alonso E, LaTouche-Arbizu R, Mesa-Jimenez J. Sleep bruxism. Conceptual review and update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011; 16(2): e231-e238.
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18. Ahlberg J, Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg K, Manfredini D, Hublin C, Sinisalo J, et al. Self-reported bruxism mirrors anxiety and stress in adults. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18(1): e7-11.
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19. Akhavan Abiri F, Shairi MR. Validity and reliability of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and Brief Symptom Inventory-53 (BSI-53). Clinical Psychology and Personality 2020; 17(2): 169-95. [In Persian].
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20. Cohen S, Doyle WJ, Skoner DP. Psychological stress, cytokine production, and severity of upper respiratory illness. Psychosom Med 1999; 61(2): 175-80.
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21. Winocur E, Uziel N, Lisha T, Goldsmith C, Eli I. Self-reported bruxism - associations with perceived stress, motivation for control, dental anxiety and gagging. J Oral Rehabil 2011; 38(1): 3-11.
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22. Liddell A, Locker D. Gender and age differences in attitudes to dental pain and dental control. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1997; 25(4): 314-8.
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23. Ciancaglini R, Gherlone EF, Radaelli G. The relationship of bruxism with craniofacial pain and symptoms from the masticatory system in the adult population. J Oral Rehabil 2001; 28(9): 842-8.
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24. Carlsson GE, Egermark I, Magnusson T. Predictors of bruxism, other oral parafunctions, and tooth wear over a 20-year follow-up period. J Orofac Pain 2003; 17(1): 50-7.
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25. Glaros AG, Tabacchi KN, Glass EG. Effect of parafunctional clenching on TMD pain. J Orofac Pain 1998; 12(2): 145-52.
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26. Choi YS, Choung PH, Moon HS, Kim SG. Temporomandibular disorders in 19-year-old Korean men. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002; 60(7): 797-803.
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27. Chen YQ, Cheng HJ, Yu CH, Gao Y, Shen YQ. Epidemic investigation on 3 to 6 years children's bruxism in Shanghai. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2004; 13(5): 382-4. [In Chinese].
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29. Shirani AM, Maleki L. Relation of oral parafunction habits and signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. J Isfahan Dent Sch 2007; 2(4): 35-40. [In Persian].
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35. Lurie O, Zadik Y, Einy S, Tarrasch R, Raviv G, Goldstein L. Bruxism in military pilots and non-pilots: Tooth wear and psychological stress. Aviat Space Environ Med 2007; 78(2): 137-9.
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39
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40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Awareness about the periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus interrelationship among diabetic patients
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The awareness about bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus (DM) is not well known among the Malaysian population. This study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness of periodontal disease (PD)-DM interrelationship and self-reported periodontal health among patients with DM.METHODS: Patients who attended the diabetic clinic were systematically and randomly invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Consented participants completed a validated self-administered questionnaire and provided information on socio-demographic background, oral hygiene practice, periodontal health status, and awareness about whether there is relationship between PD and DM. The level of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was obtained from the medical record. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were carried out using SPSS software with P < 0.05 considered as significant.RESULTS: A total of 123 patients with DM with a mean age of 62.20 ± 9.55 years participated in the study. The mean duration of living with DM was 10.62 ± 6.52 years and that for HbA1c level was 9.08 ± 2.24 mmol/l. About 53% of the participants had signs of PD, but only 22% perceived that they had PD. Only 15% were aware of the PD-DM interrelationship. The odds of knowing the definition and cause of PD and believing that oral health could be better without DM were greater in participants who had the awareness compared to those without awareness (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: This study showed that patients with DM had a low level of awareness about PD-DM interrelationship which could be due to a lack of understanding about PD. It is recommended that patients with DM should be referred to a dental clinic for oral health counselling.
https://johoe.kmu.ac.ir/article_91644_eec1a3f480e97c82a0fc5bd0ad2fa6a7.pdf
2021-04-01
93
99
10.22122/johoe.v10i2.1145
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Complications
Oral Health
Periodontitis
Periodontal disease
Suzanne
Yeoh
suzanne.yeoh@live.com.my
1
Dental Officer, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Dental Clinic Tudan, Jalan Tudan, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Haslina
Taib
haslinakk@usm.my
2
Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Siti Lailatul Akmar
Zainuddin
lailatul@usm.my
3
Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Basaruddin
Ahmad
basaruddin@usm.my
4
Senior Lecturer, Department of Dental Public Health (Biostatistics), School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Molina C, Ojeda L, Jimenez M, Portillo C, Olmedo I, Hernadez T, et al. Diabetes and periodontal diseases: An established two-way relationship. J Diabetes Mellitus 2016; 6: 209-29.
1
Ogurtsova K, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Huang Y, Linnenkamp U, Guariguata L, Cho NH, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 128: 40-50.
2
Tee ES, Yap RWK. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malaysia: Current trends and risk factors. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71(7): 844-9.
3
Cho NH, Shaw JE, Karuranga S, Huang Y, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Ohlrogge AW, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 138: 271-81.
4
World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes: Executive summary [Online]. [cited 2016]; Available from: URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/204874
5
Grover HS, Luthra S. Molecular mechanisms involved in the bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17(3): 292-301.
6
Chawla A, Chawla R, Jaggi S. Microvasular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus: Distinct or continuum? Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 20(4): 546-51.
7
Okonkwo UA, DiPietro LA. Diabetes and wound angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18(7): 1419.
8
Madathil J, Salim HP, Balan A, Radhakrishnan C, Kumar NR. Prevalence of oral lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes in north Kerala population. J Diabetol 2020; 11(1): 32-8.
9
10. Loe H. Periodontal disease. The sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1993; 16(1): 329-34.
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11. Emrich LJ, Shlossman M, Genco RJ. Periodontal disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol 1991; 62(2): 123-31.
11
12. Mealey BL, Ocampo GL. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2007; 44: 127-53.
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13. Preshaw PM, Alba AL, Herrera D, Jepsen S, Konstantinidis A, Makrilakis K, et al. Periodontitis and diabetes: A two-way relationship. Diabetologia 2012; 55(1): 21-31.
13
14. Stanko P, Izakovicova HL. Bidirectional association between diabetes mellitus and inflammatory periodontal disease. A review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2014; 158(1): 35-8.
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15. Genco RJ, Borgnakke WS. Diabetes as a potential risk for periodontitis: Association studies. Periodontol 2000 2020; 83(1): 40-5.
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16. Genco RJ, Genco FD. Common risk factors in the management of periodontal and associated systemic diseases: The dental setting and interprofessional collaboration. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2014; 14(Suppl): 4-16.
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17. Borgnakke WS. Modifiable risk factors for periodontitis and diabetes. Curr Oral Health Rep 2016; 3(3): 254-69.
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18. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. The bacterial etiology of destructive periodontal disease: Current concepts. J Periodontol 1992; 63(Suppl 4S): 322-31.
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19. Yuen HK, Wolf BJ, Bandyopadhyay D, Magruder KM, Salinas CF, London SD. Oral health knowledge and behavior among adults with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 86(3): 239-46.
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20. Casanova L, Hughes FJ, Preshaw PM. Diabetes and periodontal disease: A two-way relationship. Br Dent J 2014; 217(8): 433-7.
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21. Eldarrat AH. Awareness and attitude of diabetic patients about their increased risk for oral diseases. Oral Health Prev Dent 2011; 9(3): 235-41.
21
22. Badiah H. A preliminary survey on awareness of periodontal risk and oral health practices among diabetic patients in hospital Kuala lumpur. Malays Dent J 2012; 34(1): 1-7.
22
23. Quisumbing JP, Lo TE, Lagaya-Estrada MC, Jimeno C, Jasul C Jr. Validation of the Oral Health Screening Questionnaire in Predicting Serious Periodontitis Among Adult Filipinos with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2016; 31(2): 106-14.
23
24. Nordin MM, Rahman SA, Raman RP, Vaithilingam RD. Periodontal status and oral health knowledge among a selected population of Malaysian type 2 diabetics. Sains Malaysiana 2014; 43(8): 1157-63.
24
25. Bowyer V, Sutcliffe P, Ireland R, Lindenmeyer A, Gadsby R, Graveney M, et al. Oral health awareness in adult patients with diabetes: A questionnaire study. Br Dent J 2011; 211(6): E12.
25
26. Eldarrat AH. Diabetic patients: their knowledge and perception of oral health. Libyan J Med 2011; 6.
26
27. Shanmukappa SM, Nadig P, Puttannavar R, Ambareen Z, Gowda TM, Mehta DS. Knowledge, attitude, and awareness among diabetic patients in davangere about the association between diabetes and periodontal disease. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2017; 7(6): 381-8.
27
28. World Health Organization. Diabetes [Online]. [cited 2021]; Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
28
29. Allen EM, Ziada HM, O'Halloran D, Clerehugh V, Allen PF. Attitudes, awareness and oral health-related quality of life in patients with diabetes. J Oral Rehabil 2008; 35(3): 218-23.
29
30. Malekmahmoodi M, Shamsi M, Roozbahani N, Moradzadeh R. A randomized controlled trial of an educational intervention to promote oral and dental health of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Public Health 2020; 20(1): 287.
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31. Jansson H, Lindholm E, Lindh C, Groop L, Bratthall G. Type 2 diabetes and risk for periodontal disease: A role for dental health awareness. J Clin Periodontol 2006; 33(6): 408-14.
31
32. D'Aiuto F, Gkranias N, Bhowruth D, Khan T, Orlandi M, Suvan J, et al. Systemic effects of periodontitis treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 12 month, single-centre, investigator-masked, randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6(12): 954-65.
32
33. Graziani F, Gennai S, Solini A, Petrini M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic observational evidence on the effect of periodontitis on diabetes an update of the EFP-AAP review. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45(2): 167-87.
33
34. Joshipura KJ, Douglass CW, Garcia RI, Valachovic R, Willett WC. Validity of a self-reported periodontal disease measure. J Public Health Dent 1996; 56(4): 205-12.
34
35. Abbood HM, Hinz J, Cherukara G, Macfarlane TV. Validity of Self-Reported Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Periodontol 2016; 87(12): 1474-83.
35
36. LaMonte MJ, Hovey KM, Millen AE, Genco RJ, Wactawski-Wende J. Accuracy of self-reported periodontal disease in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. J Periodontol 2014; 85(8): 1006-18.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Microbial contamination of toothbrushes among smokers and non-smokers
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The most common oral hygiene aid used for the maintenance of oral health is the toothbrush and its hygiene is frequently neglected. Cigarette smoking is associated with many oral and periodontal diseases. Its effect can never be neglected on the microbiota of the oral cavity. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the microbial contamination of toothbrushes and its relation with smoking. This study aimed to assess the microbial contamination of capped and uncapped toothbrushes of adult smoker and non-smoker men.METHODS: This randomized study included 50 different used toothbrushes of healthy men, non-smoker and smoker, who may use capped and uncapped toothbrushes. This study was conducted at Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan, from September to October 2019. All toothbrushes were evaluated for microbial analysis. Samples were allocated through simple random sampling. Every toothbrush head was put in a sterile container with 10 ml brain heart agar (Oxoid) and incubated in 37 ºC for 24 hours; after which, they were placed in different bases (blood agar, McConkey). Results were analyzed using SPSS software.RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus was the most offender and major organism causing contamination in all 4 groups of smokers and non-smokers with capped toothbrush and smokers and non-smokers with uncapped toothbrush. A correlation test was done using Pearson’s correlation, showing a positive correlation between uncapped non-smokers and capped smokers (P = 0.050).CONCLUSION: The microbial contamination of capped and uncapped toothbrushes of adult smoker and non-smoker men was quite high and hence, it increases the risk of dental diseases.
https://johoe.kmu.ac.ir/article_91462_c1e24a0398aa003cb82c8fb95e7328c9.pdf
2021-04-01
100
106
10.22122/johoe.v10i2.1089
Microbiota
Smokers
Non-smokers
Ayesha
Aslam
ayeshoaslam31@gmail.com
1
Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehwash
Kashif
mehwashkashif@gmail.com
2
Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Irfan
Khan
mhassanalikhan12345@gmail.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Sana
Iqbal
s_taurian@hotmail.com
4
Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Tehreem
Aslam
tehreemaslam101@gmail.com
5
United Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Yousuf
Moosa
yousuf_moosa@hotmail.com
6
Associate Professor, Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences for Girls, Karachi, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Nelson-Filho P, Isper AR, Assed S, Faria G, Ito IY. Effect of triclosan dentifrice on toothbrush contamination. Pediatr Dent 2004; 26(1): 11-6.
1
Downes J, Hooper SJ, Wilson MJ, Wade WG. Prevotella histicola sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58(Pt 8): 1788-91.
2
Mehta A, Sequeira PS, Bhat G. Bacterial contamination and decontamination of toothbrushes after use. N Y State Dent J 2007; 73(3): 20-2.
3
Obika I, Onuorah S. Bacterial contamination of used manual toothbrushes obtained from some students of Nnamdi Azikiwe. Univers J Microbiol Res 2015; 3(4): 56-9.
4
Peker I, Akarslan Z, Basman A, Haciosmanoglu N. Knowledge and behavior of dentists in a dental school regarding toothbrush disinfection. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29: 48.
5
Cobb CM. The Tooth Brush as a Cause of Repeated Infections of the Mouth. Boston Med Surg J 1920; 183(9): 263-4.
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Burki T. Thomas Frieden takes on the CDC. Lancet Infect Dis 2009; 9(7): 405.
7
Frazelle M. Healthcare acquired infection risk and toothbrush contamination in the ICU [PhD Thesis]. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida; 2011.
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Sammons RL, Kaur D, Neal P. Bacterial survival and biofilm formation on conventional and antibacterial toothbrushes. Biofilms 2004; 1(2): 123-30.
9
10. Gautam B, Pokhrel S, Aryal S, Basnet A. Efficacy of toothpaste in reducing micro-flora isolated from toothbrush. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 2017; 13(2): 71-8.
10
11. Iqbal S, Ahmed S, Aslam A, Kashif M, Khan I, Khan N. microbial flora on the white coats of dental staff, Karachi. Int JEndorsing Health Sci Res 2020; 8(1): 21-7.
11
12. Khan MI, Kashif M, Ehsan R, Faizuddin M, Iqbal S, Jamil H. Microbial contamination of white coats, hands and mobile phones of health care workers. Int J Pathol 2020; 18(2): 58-62.
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13. Naik R, Ahmed Mujib BR, Telagi N, Anil BS, Spoorthi BR. Contaminated tooth brushes-potential threat to oral and general health. J Family Med Prim Care 2015; 4(3): 444-8.
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14. Dhifaf MS. Effectiveness of different cleanser solutions on the microbial contamination of toothbrushes. Journal of Kerbala University 2011; 7(1): 302-7.
14
15. Cheesbrough M. District laboratory practice in tropical countries. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2006.
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16. Kuboniwa M, Lamont RJ. Subgingival biofilm formation. Periodontol 2000 2010; 52(1): 38-52.
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17. Mansoori N, Bakar I, Shahid N, Mubeen SM. Microbial contamination; a survey of microbial contamination of toothbrushes among general population of Karachi. Professional Med J 2018; 25(11):1785-90.
17
18. Petersen PE, Kandelman D, Arpin S, Ogawa H. Global oral health of older people--call for public health action. Community Dent Health 2010; 27(4 Suppl 2): 257-67.
18
19. Konidala U, Nuvvula S, Mohapatra A, Nirmala SV. Efficacy of various disinfectants on microbially contaminated toothbrushes due to brushing. Contemp Clin Dent 2011; 2(4): 302-7.
19
20. Raiyani CM, Arora R, Bhayya DP, Dogra S, Katageri AA, Singh V. Assessment of microbial contamination on twice a day used toothbrush head after 1-month and 3 months: An in vitro study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2015; 6(Suppl 1): S44-S48.
20
21. Saini R, Kulkarni V. Toothbrush: A favorable media for bacterial growth. Int J Exp Dent Sci 2013; 2(1): 27-8.
21
22. Thamke MV, Beldar A, Thakkar P, Murkute S, Ranmare V, Hudwekar A. Comparison of bacterial contamination and antibacterial efficacy in bristles of charcoal toothbrushes versus noncharcoal toothbrushes: A microbiological study. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9(3): 463-7.
22
23. Talaat DM, Sharaf AAE, Ghoneim MAE, El-Shazly SA, El Meligy OAES. Efficacy of two mouth rinse sprays in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans growth on toothbrush bristles. Saudi Dent J 2018; 30(4): 365-72.
23
24. Karibasappa GN, Nagesh L, Sujatha BK. Assessment of microbial contamination of toothbrush head: An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2011; 22(1): 2-5.
24
25. D'Silva I, Kothari T, Shah R, Sahetya S. Toothbrush disinfection - is your toothbrush making you sick? J Indian Dent Assoc 2007; 1: 88-91.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of the efficacy of vitamin D in the treatment of oral lichen planus: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated disease without a known etiology. Recent studies have indicated the role of vitamin D on immune system and proposed its anti-inflammatory effects. Present study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the severity of pain, burning, and lesions of patients with OLP and serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) after the intervention.METHODS: 28 patients with OLP with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency participated in this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. They were divided into the two groups of intervention (n = 13) and control (n = 15). Serum levels of TNF-α, vitamin D, and IL-6 were assessed before and 8 weeks after the treatment. The intervention and control groups were given one capsule of 50000 units of vitamin D and one placebo capsule weekly for 8 weeks, and they were also examined every other week, in terms of the severity of lesions (Thongprasom Index) and the severity of pain and burning [visual analog scale (VAS)]. The data analysis was carried out using SPSS statistical software and statistical tests included independent t-test, chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U-test, repeated measures test, and Pearson correlation coefficient test. The P-value < 0.05 was considered as significant.RESULTS: The severity of lesions was significantly reduced in the intervention group (P = 0.043). After the treatment, the mean IL-6 levels significantly decreased in the intervention and control groups compared to pre-treatment conditions (P = 0.005 and P = 0.014, respectively). Moreover, the mean TNF-α concentrations significantly decreased only in the intervention group (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Vitamin D reduced the severity of OLP lesions, IL-6, and TNF-α. Vitamin D can be suggested as adjuvant therapy for patients with OLP; however, further studies are required to confirm these effects.
https://johoe.kmu.ac.ir/article_91679_6e560ae89a9e5b34a1b7b76ac6705ea6.pdf
2021-04-01
107
115
10.22122/johoe.v10i2.1181
Vitamin D
Oral lichen planus
Interleukin-6
Tumor Necrosis Factor
visual analog scale
Zahra
Delavarian
delavarianz@mums.ac.ir
1
Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Zohreh
Dalirsani
dalirsaniz@mums.ac.ir
2
Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Zohreh
Mousavi
mosaviz@mums.ac.ir
3
Professor, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Taghi
Shakeri
shakerimt@mums.ac.ir
4
Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hooshang
Rafatpanah
rafatpanahh@mums.ac.ir
5
Professor, Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Farhad
Seif
farhad.seif@outlook.com
6
Associate Professor, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Asieh
Rahimi
dr.rahimi.79@gmail.com
7
Medical Laser Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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