Influence of menstrual cycle and salivary ß-estradiol on volatile sulfur compound

Document Type : Original Article(s)

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Kerman Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Ker-man, Iran

2 Dentist, Kerman, Iran

3 MD, MPH, Kerman Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontist, School of Dentistry, Kerman, Iran

5 Professor, Kerman Physiology Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

BACKGROUND: ß -estradiol is a steroid sex hormone that plays important role in oral physiology. The aim of this study was to determin the association of the menstrual cycle and salivary ß-estradiol with the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC).METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, twenty female dental students in good oral and general health were recruited for evaluation of VSC, salivary flow, ß-estradiol concentration, oral dryness feeling and dysmenorrhea. Data were analyzed by marginal homogeneity test and xtgee model.RESULTS: The only covariates that significantly related to VSC were being at the follicular phase (B = -0.21, P = 0.02), being at the pre-menstrual phase (B = -0.25, P = 0.01), stressfulness (B = 0.02, P = 0.01) and oral dryness feeling (B = 0.34, P = 0.02). Salivary ß-estradiol was at the level of 59.7 ± 31.2 in those having halitosis (VSC ≥ 75) while in the others (VSC < 75) it was about 40.8 ± 18.0 (P < 0.009). This difference was not statistically significant in multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONS: The menstrual cycle, stress and oral dryness were the most important determinants of halitosis. The salivary ß-estradiol level could not explain such relationship as its effect was eliminated considering the other factors.

Keywords

References

  1. Rayman S, Almas K. Halitosis among racially diverse populations: an update. Int J Dent Hyg 2008; 6(1): 2-7.
  2. Calil CM, Lima PO, Bernardes CF, Groppo FC, Bado F, Marcondes FK. Influence of gender and menstrual cycle on
  3. volatile sulphur compounds production. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53(12): 1107-12.
  4. Van den Broek AM, Feenstra L, de BC. A review of the current literature on aetiology and measurement methods of
  5. halitosis. J Dent 2007; 35(8): 627-35.
  6. Cortelli JR, Barbosa MD, Westphal MA. Halitosis: a review of associated factors and therapeutic approach.
  7. Braz Oral Res 2008; 22(Suppl 1): 44-54.
  8. Guncu GN, Tozum TF, Caglayan F. Effects of endogenous sex hormones on the periodontium--review of literature.
  9. Aust Dent J 2005; 50(3): 138-45.
  10. Machtei EE, Mahler D, Sanduri H, Peled M. The effect of menstrual cycle on periodontal health. J Periodontol
  11. ; 75(3): 408-12.
  12. Agha-Hosseini F, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Mansourian A, Khayamzadeh M. Relationship of stimulated saliva 17betaestradiol
  13. and oral dryness feeling in menopause. Maturitas 2009; 62(2): 197-9.
  14. Muhlemann HR, Son S. Gingival sulcus bleeding--a leading symptom in initial gingivitis. Helv Odontol Acta 1971;
  15. (2): 107-13.
  16. Queiroz CS, Hayacibara MF, Tabchoury CP, Marcondes FK, Cury JA. Relationship between stressful situations,
  17. salivary flow rate and oral volatile sulfur-containing compounds. Eur J Oral Sci 2002; 110(5): 337-40.
  18. Liu XN, Shinada K, Chen XC, Zhang BX, Yaegaki K, Kawaguchi Y. Oral malodor-related parameters in the
  19. Chinese general population. J Clin Periodontol 2006; 33(1): 31-6.
  20. Murata T, Yamaga T, Iida T, Miyazaki H, Yaegaki K. Classification and examination of halitosis. Int Dent J 2002;
  21. (Suppl 3): 181-6.
  22. Tonzetich J, Preti G, Huggins GR. Changes in concentration of volatile sulphur compounds of mouth air during the
  23. menstrual cycle. J Int Med Res 1978; 6(3): 245-54.
  24. Meurman JH, Tarkkila L, Tiitinen A. The menopause and oral health. Maturitas 2009; 63(1): 56-62.
  25. Kornman KS, Loesche WJ. The subgingival microbial flora during pregnancy. J Periodontal Res 1980; 15(2): 111-22.
  26. Fischer CC, Persson RE, Persson GR. Influence of the menstrual cycle on the oral microbial flora in women: a casecontrol
  27. study including men as control subjects. J Periodontol 2008; 79(10): 1966-73.
  28. Calil CM, Marcondes FK. Influence of anxiety on the production of oral volatile sulfur compounds. Life Sci 2006;
  29. (7): 660-4.
  30. Garrett JR, Ekström J, Anderson LC. Glandular Mechanisms of Salivary Secretion. 1st ed. Basle: S. Karger
  31. Publishing; 1998.
Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
Volume 1, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
108
July 2012
Pages 41-45

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 03 July 2012
  • Revise Date: 25 April 2024
  • Accept Date: 12 March 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics