Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology

Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology

Association between healthcare activities, education, and demography of school health trainers and periodontal indices of children in elementary schools of Tabriz, Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Marzieh Pirzadeh-Ashraf 1
Ahmad Behroozian 2
Zahra Aghazadeh 3
Zahra Khalili-Sadrabad 4
Parisa Jafari 1
Reyhaneh Aftabi 1
Shiva Pouradeli 5
1 Resident, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
5 PhD Candidate, Occupational Environment Research Center, School of medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
10.22122/johoe.2020.191970.1073
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Teachers and healthcare providers play an essential role in raising the level of awareness and knowledge and serve as a model for different aspects of healthcare. Primary school healthcare providers with the necessary education could improve the oral health of the students. One of the methods for evaluating oral health is the assessment of periodontal indices. The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) is one of the most common indices for the assessment of gingival status. This study aimed to evaluate gingival health and its relationship with the level and the type of education and activity of healthcare providers in elementary schoolchildren.
METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 800 elementary schoolchildren in Tabriz, Iran, in 2017. Students’ gingival status was assessed with the CPITN. The healthcare teacher-associated factors, also, were determined through a checklist including age, sex, education, and activity. The data were analyzed with SPSS software. Independent t-test and chi-square test were done. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS: 63.2% of students had a CPITN score of 1, 31.5% of students had a CPITN score of 0, and 5.3% of students had a CPITN score of 2. Students of teachers with higher academic education (P = 0.029) and with health-related education
(P = 0.013) received lower CPITN scores and had better periodontal health. There was no statistically significant relationship between age, sex, and activity of the teachers and CPITN of the students (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: There was a significant relationship between the gingival and oral health of students and the level of education of healthcare teachers and their health-related university education. We strongly recommend the continuing education program for the healthcare providers in elementary schools.
Keywords
Gingiva
Health Personnel
Periodontal Index
Students
  1. Eke PI, Dye BA, Wei L, Slade GD, Thornton-Evans GO, Borgnakke WS, et al. Update on prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: NHANES 2009 to 2012. J Periodontol 2015; 86(5): 611-22.
  2. Taghizadeh Ganji A, Jafari A, Poorgholi N, Iranizadeh H. Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice of Tabriz's school health workers about oral and dental health. J Dent Med Tehran Univ Med Sci 2009; 22(3): 132-8. [In Persian].
  3. Mazloomimahmoodabad S, Hadavandkhani M, Shirazi J, Dehghanitafti A. Survey of awareness, attitude and performance on oral health in high school teachers in Yazd city, In 2010. Toloo e Behdasht 2010; 9(1): 27-34. [In Persian].
  4. Harris RJ. Untreated periodontal disease: A follow-up on 30 cases. J Periodontol 2003; 74(5): 672-8.
  5. Afshar H, Ershadi A, Ershadi M. An investigation on the correlation between DMFT and OHI- S indices on 12-year-old school girls in Kashan. Front Dent 2004; 1(1): 38-42.
  6. Oh TJ, Eber R, Wang HL. Periodontal diseases in the child and adolescent. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29(5): 400-10.
  7. Hooley M, Skouteris H, Boganin C, Satur J, Kilpatrick N. Parental influence and the development of dental caries in children aged 0-6 years: A systematic review of the literature. J Dent 2012; 40(11): 873-85.
  8. Delshad Noughabi A. Mouth and dental health in manner and instructions of Islam Prophet (PBUH). J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2008; 6(4): 7-13. [In Persian].
  9. Ketabi M, Tazhibi M, Moheb Rasoul S. The prevalance and risk factors of gingivitis among the children referred to Isfahan Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan Branch) Dental School, In Iran. Dent Res J 2006; 3(1): 33-6.

10. Almas K, Bulman JS, Newman HN. Assessment of periodontal status with CPITN and conventional periodontal indices. J Clin Periodontol 1991; 18(9): 654-9.

11. Baelum V, Papapanou PN. CPITN and the epidemiology of periodontal disease. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1996; 24(6): 367-8.

  1. Oliver RC, Brown LJ, Loe H. Periodontal diseases in the United States population. J Periodontol 1998; 69(2): 269-78.

13. Nokhostin MR, Siahkamari A, Akbarzadeh Bagheban A. Evaluation of oral and dental health of 6-12 year-old students in Kermanshah city. Iran South Med J 2013; 16(3): 241-9. [In Persian].

14. Jahanimoghadam F, Shamsaddin H. The prevalence and risk factors of gingivitis in a population of 6-year-old children in Iran. J Oral Health Oral Epidemiol 2016; 5(3): 129-33.

15. Pajand H, Mohseni M. A study of oral hygiene and gingival status of 7-11 years old children in Mashhad, Iran. J Mashad Dent Sch 2002; 26(1-2): 25-34.

16. Behrouzi S, Tahmasbi R. The prevalence of gingivitis and its determinants in 6-16 YR. students of bushehr port/Iran. Iran South Med J 2003; 5(2): 152-60. [In Persian].

17. Sadeghi R, Semiari H, Aziz T, Abedi P, Khodaverdi A, Reeyazi S. Prevalence of aggressive periodontitis in 15-18 years old schoolgirls in Tehran, Iran. J Dent Tehran Univ Med Sci 2005; 18(4): 22-30. [In Persian].

18. AlGhamdi A, Almarghlani A, Alyafi R, Ibraheem W, Assaggaf M, Howait M, et al. Prevalence of periodontitis in high school children in Saudi Arabia: A national study. Ann Saudi Med 2020; 40(1): 7-14.

19. Lafzi A, Kashefi Mehr A, Amid R. The prevalence of localized aggressive periodontitis in 14-16 years old school students in Tabriz. J Dent Sch Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci 2005; 23(1): 122-9. [In Persian].

20. Dean JA, Avery DR, McDonald RE. McDonald and Avery's dentistry for the child and adolescent. 9th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier; 2011. p. 435-50

21. Talebi Ardakani MR, Moein Taghavi A, Farzan H, Mirhosseini Nia M, Mehran N. Evaluation of rrevalence of gingivitis in students of 8-11 years of Yazd in primary school in 1379. Majallah-I-Dandanpizishki 2003; 15(2): 50-60. [In Persian].

22. Al-Haddad KA, Ibrahim YT, Al-Haddad AM, Al-Hebshi NN. Assessment of gingival health status among 5- and 12-year-old children in Yemen: A cross-sectional study. ISRN Dentistry 2013; 2013: 352621.

23. Gopinath VK, Rahman B, Awad MA. Assessment of gingival health among school children in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Eur J Dent 2015; 9(1): 36-40.

24. Sharma U, Gill N, Gulati A, Passi S, Verma L, Bal IS, et al. Effect of oral health behavior and demographic variables on gingival health in 11-16-year-old school children in Chandigarh, India: A cross-sectional study. J Investig Clin Dent 2019; 10(3): e12405.

25. Poureslami HR, Makarem A, Mojab F. Paraclinical effects of Miswak extract on dental plaque. Dent Res J 2007; 4(2): 106-110.

Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
Volume 9, Issue 3
Summer 2020
Pages 129-135

  • Receive Date 11 February 2020
  • Revise Date 11 August 2020
  • Accept Date 12 August 2020