Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) in Shiraz (2024)

Document Type : Original Article(s)

Authors

1 Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

2 Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

3 Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Background: The Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) is a condition-specific instrument used to examine how dental occlusion problems relate to health-related quality of life. This study aimed to produce a Persian translation of the MIQ and to examine the psychometric characteristics of this Persian version among adolescents with malocclusion living in Shiraz.
Method: A stepwise cross-cultural adaptation protocol was applied to produce the Persian MIQ, following established guidelines for translating measurement instruments. The finalized questionnaire was then completed by 310 adolescents aged 10 to 14 years. Psychometric evaluation of the Persian MIQ comprised exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and assessment of criterion validity, convergent validity, and construct validity. A calibrated dentist additionally recorded the presence and severity of occlusal problems using the dental aesthetic index.
Results: Both EFA and CFA confirmed a unidimensional structure for the Persian MIQ, with fit indices for the CFA model of χ² = 224.108. Reliability of the Persian MIQ was acceptable, with a Cronbach’s α of 0.901 and an ICC of 0.863. A moderate correlation was observed between the Persian MIQ and the CPQ11–14 (r = 0.679), supporting adequate criterion validity. OHRQoL was inversely related to malocclusion severity (P = 0.03), and the strong correlations between the Persian MIQ and the two global questions (Q1, r = 0.759; Q2, r = 0.680) confirmed adequate convergent validity.
Conclusion: The Persian version of the MIQ showed acceptable psychometric properties, including validity and reliability. Future studies using longitudinal designs and more geographically diverse samples are recommended.

Keywords

Main Subjects

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Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
Volume 15
Pages 1-7

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History

  • Receive Date: 28 February 2025
  • Revise Date: 25 November 2025
  • Accept Date: 27 July 2026

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